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Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials
Fučíková, Anna ; Valenta, Jan (advisor) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee) ; Plášek, Jaromír (referee)
Title: Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials Author: Anna Fučíková Department / Institute: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Jan Valenta, Ph.D., Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: This work is aimed at development of new fluorescent labels based on silicon nanocrystals. Nanodiamonds and commercial CdSe quantum dots have been used as comparative materials. Silicon nanocrystals are relatively small (1-4 nm) compared to other studied nanomaterials. They are prepared by electro-chemical etching and their surface can be activated by various molecules which strongly influences luminescence properties. Luminescence quantum efficiency can be as high as 30 % and perfectly photostable even in biological environment. Si nanocrystals are biodegradable in a living organism within reasonable time scale and non-toxic. We are able to detect luminescence of single nanocrystals, even inside living cells, with use of our micro-spectroscopy apparatus. Nanodiamonds have weak luminescence; they are toxic at higher dosages and very stable in living bodies (without available technique how to remove them). Studied CdSe...
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Time-resolved measurement of optical gain in silicon based nanostructures
Ondič, Lukáš
2 Title: Time-resolved measurement of optical gain in silicon based nanostructures Author: Bc. Lukáš Ondič Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Ivan Pelant, DrSc., Institute of Physics, Academy of Sci- ences of the Czech Republic Supervisor's email address: pelant@fzu.cz Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the optical properties of the mate- rial based on oxidized silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) embedded at high densities in SiO2-based matrix. These materials seem to be very promising on the way towards silicon laser. Using our preparation technique - modified electrochemical etching and post-etching in H2O2 - we obtain small Si-ncs with the mean core size of 2-3 nm, in- corporated at high densities of ∼ 1019 Si-ncs/cm3 into an SiO2-based matrix. In this work, we focused on studying their photoluminiscence (PL) properties and measuring the net optical gain of these samples. Therefore, we investigated their time-resolved and steady-state PL emission spectra which revealed two emission bands - the F-band (∼ 435 nm) with ns decay-time and the S-band (∼ 600 − 620 nm) with µs decay- time. Moreover, we observed a "green" emission band (∼ 500 nm) present only during the pulsed excitation and immediately after. We performed time-resolved gain spec- troscopy using...
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Photoluminescence sensor field applied for detection of chemical compounds in gas mixtures
Liška, Jiří ; Dian, Juraj (advisor) ; Broncová, Gabriela (referee)
Title: Photoluminescence sensor field applied for detection of chemical compounds in gas mixtures Author: Jiří Liška Department: Department of Analytical Chemistry Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Juraj Dian, CSc. Abstract Porous silicon is a nanostructured material that can be prepared by galvanic etching of silicon in the presence of hydrofluoric acid. The properties of this material can be influenced by way of preparation or by the chemical modification of the surface. Porous silicon has many extraordinary properties as compared to macrocrystalline silicon; the most important one for chemical sensing is the visible photoluminescence at room temperature. In the presence of organic and inorganic analytes in the gas phase, the photoluminescence of the material is quenched. This phenomenon can be used for chemical sensors of chemical compounds in the gas phase. These sensors are very sensitive and give reasonable results for organic compounds. Photoluminescence sensor field uses for measurement several sensor elements with the modified surface. It is possible to use this method for the identification and determination of gaseous organic compounds. The aim of this thesis was: 1. the preparation of porous silicon samples, 2. the modification of surface with different methods, 3. the characterization of samples with FTIR...
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Silicon nanocrystals, photonic structures and optical gain
Ondič, Lukáš ; Herynková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Oswald, Jiří (referee) ; Lauret, Jean-Sebastien (referee)
Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) of sizes below approximately 5 nm are a material with an efficient room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) and optical gain. Optical gain is a pre- requisite for obtaining stimulated emission from a pumped material, and the achievement of stimulated emission (and lasing) from Si-based nanostructures is of particular interest of the field of silicon photonics. The aim of this work was (i) to investigate fundamental optical properties of SiNCs, (ii) to design and prepare a photonic crystal with enhanced light ex- traction efficiency and (iii) to explore a possibility of enhancing optical gain of light-emitting SiNCs by combining them with a two-dimensional photonic crystal. First, free-standing oxide (SiOx/SiO2)-passivated SiNCs were prepared by electrochemical etching of a Si wafer. Their optical properties were studied by employing time-resolved spectroscopy, also at cryogenic temperatures. The fast blue-green emission band of these SiNCs was linked with the quasi- direct recombination of hot electrons and holes in the vicinity of the Γ-point. Furthermore, the spectral shift of the slow orange-red band (of these SiNCs) as a function of temperature was explained on the basis of an interplay between tensile strain and bulk Si temperature-induced indirect bandgap shift. The...
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Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials
Fučíková, Anna ; Valenta, Jan (advisor) ; Polívka, Tomáš (referee) ; Plášek, Jaromír (referee)
Title: Bioapplications of novel nanostructured materials Author: Anna Fučíková Department / Institute: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Jan Valenta, Ph.D., Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague Abstract: This work is aimed at development of new fluorescent labels based on silicon nanocrystals. Nanodiamonds and commercial CdSe quantum dots have been used as comparative materials. Silicon nanocrystals are relatively small (1-4 nm) compared to other studied nanomaterials. They are prepared by electro-chemical etching and their surface can be activated by various molecules which strongly influences luminescence properties. Luminescence quantum efficiency can be as high as 30 % and perfectly photostable even in biological environment. Si nanocrystals are biodegradable in a living organism within reasonable time scale and non-toxic. We are able to detect luminescence of single nanocrystals, even inside living cells, with use of our micro-spectroscopy apparatus. Nanodiamonds have weak luminescence; they are toxic at higher dosages and very stable in living bodies (without available technique how to remove them). Studied CdSe...
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Time-resolved measurement of optical gain in silicon based nanostructures
Ondič, Lukáš
2 Title: Time-resolved measurement of optical gain in silicon based nanostructures Author: Bc. Lukáš Ondič Department: Department of Chemical Physics and Optics Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Ivan Pelant, DrSc., Institute of Physics, Academy of Sci- ences of the Czech Republic Supervisor's email address: pelant@fzu.cz Abstract: The aim of this work is to study the optical properties of the mate- rial based on oxidized silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) embedded at high densities in SiO2-based matrix. These materials seem to be very promising on the way towards silicon laser. Using our preparation technique - modified electrochemical etching and post-etching in H2O2 - we obtain small Si-ncs with the mean core size of 2-3 nm, in- corporated at high densities of ∼ 1019 Si-ncs/cm3 into an SiO2-based matrix. In this work, we focused on studying their photoluminiscence (PL) properties and measuring the net optical gain of these samples. Therefore, we investigated their time-resolved and steady-state PL emission spectra which revealed two emission bands - the F-band (∼ 435 nm) with ns decay-time and the S-band (∼ 600 − 620 nm) with µs decay- time. Moreover, we observed a "green" emission band (∼ 500 nm) present only during the pulsed excitation and immediately after. We performed time-resolved gain spec- troscopy using...
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